Evolutionary diversity and developmental regulation of X-chromosome inactivation. Dosage dependent gene regulation and the compensation of the X chromosome in Drosophila males. Dosage compensation and the global re-balancing of aneuploid genomes. Expression in aneuploid Drosophila S2 cells. Mammalian X chromosome inactivation evolved as a dosage-compensation mechanism for dosage-sensitive genes on the X chromosome. Pessia, E., Makino, T., Bailly-Bechet, M., McLysaght, A. Mechanisms and evolutionary patterns of mammalian and avian dosage compensation. Evidence that the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay pathway participates in X chromosome dosage compensation in mammals. This study shows that subsets of mammalian X-linked genes rely on different X upregulation mechanisms. Mammalian X upregulation is associated with enhanced transcription initiation, RNA half-life, and MOF-mediated H4K16 acetylation. X-chromosome hyperactivation in mammals via nonlinear relationships between chromatin states and transcription. Relative overexpression of X-linked genes in mouse embryonic stem cells is consistent with Ohno's hypothesis. Dosage compensation of the active X chromosome in mammals. Genetics of early onset cognitive impairment. This paper confirms that there is dosage compensation of gene expression between the X chromosome and autosomes in both sexes of mammals, nematodes and fruitflies, and proposes the need to take into consideration the skewed gene content and regulation of the X chromosome in the study of dosage compensation. Evidence for compensatory upregulation of expressed X-linked genes in mammals, Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster. High expression of the mammalian X chromosome in brain. A high density of X-linked genes for general cognitive ability: a run-away process shaping human evolution? Trends Genet. Tsix RNA and the germline factor, PRDM14, link X reactivation and stem cell reprogramming. Reactivation of the inactive X chromosome in development and reprogramming. The mouse X chromosome is enriched for sex-biased genes not subject to selection by meiotic sex chromosome inactivation. Chromosomal redistribution of male-biased genes in mammalian evolution with two bursts of gene gain on the X chromosome. This study comprehensively compares the chicken Z and human X chromosomes, and shows that they share common features such as acquisition and amplification of testis-specific genes. Convergent evolution of chicken Z and human X chromosomes by expansion and gene acquisition. Different chromosomal localization of the Clcn4 gene in Mus spretus and C57BL/6J mice. This paper shows that many ampliconic X-linked genes are expressed predominantly in testicular germ cells and were independently acquired since the divergence between humans and mice. Independent specialization of the human and mouse X chromosomes for the male germ line. The DNA sequence of the human X chromosome. Cloning and expression profiling of testis-expressed microRNAs. The family of mouse phosphoglycerate kinase genes and pseudogenes. Sexually antagonistic genes: experimental evidence. The mouse X chromosome is enriched for multicopy testis genes showing postmeiotic expression. An abundance of X-linked genes expressed in spermatogonia. Gene content evolution on the X chromosome. Y-chromosome evolution: emerging insights into processes of Y-chromosome degeneration. Dosage compensation of the sex chromosomes. The origin and evolution of vertebrate sex chromosomes and dosage compensation.
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